博彩平台养
草地跳鼠
草地跳鼠 has hind legs much longer than the front legs and a tapered tail that is nearly twice as long as the combined length of the head and body. 的 coarse fur is yellowish brown above, darkest along the middle of the back, paler along the sides, and white to yellowish-brown below. 的 tail is bicolored, gray above and 下面的白色. 的 dark eyes are relatively small, the whiskers long, and the sparsely-haired, large ears partially hidden by the surrounding fur. Total length is about 215 mm (8.5 in), and the average weight of an adult is 19 g (0.7 oz). 草地跳鼠 类似于 林地跳鼠 (Napaeozapus旧址) but is duller in color and the tail is not usually tipped with white.
(Zapus hudsonius 8): 桑德斯,D. A. 1988. 阿迪朗达克哺乳动物. State University of New York, College of Environmental Science 和林业. 216pp.
顺序: 啮齿目
家庭: 林跳鼠科
范围及生境
的 range is the southern half of Alaska, most of Canada, and the eastern two-thirds 美国的.S. 排除了南方大部分地区. In the Adirondack Park, the meadow jumping mouse occurs from elevations to 700 m (2300 ft), and occasionally to 1220 m (4000 ft), in grassy shrubby sites such as meadows, fields, forest clearings and edges; the edges of swamps, marshes, and bogs. This species is especially abundant where 地面覆盖物很厚. 草地跳鼠 builds nests of plant fibers 10-15 cm (4-6 in) in diameter, in clumps of grass, within the bases of hollow trees, in and under hollow logs, and underground to depths of 1 m (3 ft).
食物和摄食行为
Seeds, fruits, subterranean fungi (内生 仕达屋优先计划.) and small terrestrial invertebrates are the foods of the meadow jumping mouse. Animal foods predominate in the 春天 and early summer diets until seeds become available. Jumping mice harvest seeds by either climbing stems or by bending them over to cut 成熟的头脑. 的y may also section plant stalks to reach seeds. 积累的 脂肪储备 rather than food stores provide winter energy reserves.
活动和运动
草地跳鼠 does not often jump except when startled, and then makes several bounds on the hind limbs traversing less than 1 m (3 ft) with each leap, and changing direction abruptly before remaining motionless. This sudden movement followed by inactivity tends to disorient predators that hunt by sight. 短跳数2.5-15 cm (1-6 in) are the normal means of travel. 的 long tail serves as a balance during 蹦蹦跳跳. This agile rodent also moves by walking and may climb herbaceous vegetation and the lower branches of shrubs. 草地跳鼠 can swim, both on the surface and under the water, diving for periods of 30-60 seconds. 大多数活动 takes place at night, but may occur during the day, more so during cloudy, rainy weather. This species hibernates from mid-September to late October, until early to late May. Hibernation sites are usually small earthen chambers dug it a mound of soil or a bank above the water table, and near the surface, e.g.在对数下，到0左右.5 m (20 在深处. Jumping mice plug the chamber's entrance with soil, and hibernate curled up within a nest of dry plant fibers. Many do not survive torpor because of insufficient 脂肪储备.
繁殖
的 breeding season begins immediately after emergence from hibernation and continues 直到夏末. Females bear 1-3 litters from May to October. 大多数幼崽都会发生 在六月和八月. 的 gestation period is about 18 days, and the average litter size is 5 or 6 with extremes of 1-9. 年轻的 are born blind, naked, and weigh 0.8 g (0.03 oz). 的ir eyes open at 21-25 days, and the young nurse until about 28 days. Shortly after weaning, the young disperse. Some young born in May or June may breed during their first summer, but later litters become sexually mature the following 春天. 的 potential life span is at least 2 years.
捕食者
的 mink, coyote, weasel, foxes, red-tailed hawk, great horned and screech owls, snakes, large frogs, and carnivorous fish are documented predators of this rodent.
社会行为
- 社会制度 - 草地跳鼠 is solitary except when mating and raising young. 家 ranges of opposite sexes overlap, and the male's is slightly larger than the range 雌性的. 的re is some evidence that home ranges of both sexes may shift gradually with time and in response to the availability of food. 家的范围大小不等 0.04-1.6 ha (0.1-4.0 ac). Local populations change in annual abundance with densities 范围从7.4-48.3 meadow jumping mice per hectare (3-20 per acre).
- 沟通 - Little is know about the behavior regulating social encounters. 成年人相对来说 quiet but produce soft bird-like sounds, e.g., repetitive "chucks," and "chirps," and in alarm contexts, vibrate their tails to produce a drumming noise. 年轻的 give high-pitched squeaking calls when separated from their mother.
额外的引用
布劳尔,J.E.， T.J. 凯德. 1966. 植物的生态学和生理学 Napaeozapus旧址 (Miller) and other woodland mice. 生态、47:46 - 63.
Quimby D.C. 1951. 的 life history and ecology of the jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius. Ecological Monographs, 21:61-95.
惠特克J.O., Jr. 1963. A study of the meadow jumping mouse, Zapus hudsonius (Zimmerman) in central New York. Ecological Monographs, 33:215-254.
惠特克J.O., Jr. 1972. Zapus hudsonius. 哺乳动物物种，11:1-7.